Resolved -
Between 15:51 and 15:55 PST (23:51 and 23:55 UTC), many queries that covered a long enough time range to touch "cold storage" data failed. Retrying those queries will succeed. Some triggers that would have run during this time and needed enough data to reach into cold storage would have also failed.
This incident is resolved and all queries are once again functioning normally.
Jan 10, 16:09 PST